COPE Health Scholars Practice Test

Which condition is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hypersecretion of mucus?

1. Chronic bronchitis

2. Asthma

3. Allergic rhinitis

4. Pneumonia

The correct answer is: Asthma

Chronic airway inflammation and hypersecretion of mucus are hallmark features of chronic bronchitis. This condition is specifically classified under chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is primarily caused by long-term irritation and damage to the airways, most often from smoking or environmental pollutants. Chronic bronchitis leads to persistent cough and difficulty breathing due to the inflamed airways producing excess mucus. While asthma also involves airway inflammation and can lead to increased mucus production, it is typically more episodic in nature, characterized by acute exacerbations and reversible airflow obstruction. Allergic rhinitis pertains primarily to inflammation of the nasal passages due to allergens, and pneumonia involves infection and inflammation of the lung tissue rather than chronic airway inflammation. Thus, the defining features of chronic bronchitis align closely with the condition described in the question.